Impact of intensive care on renal function before graft harvest: results of a monocentric study

BACKGROUND The aim of life-support measures in brain-dead donors is to preserve the functional value of their organs. In renal transplantation, serum creatinine level is one of the criteria for graft harvest. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of intensive care on donor renal function through two criteria: preharvesting serum creatinine level above 120 micromol/L and the elevation of serum creatinine level above 20% between intensive care unit (ICU) admission and graft harvest. METHODS Between 1 January 1999 and 31 December 2005, we performed an observational study on 143 brain-dead donors. ICU chronology, hemodynamic, hematosis, and treatment data were collected for each patient from ICU admission to kidney removal. RESULTS Twenty-two percent of the 143 patients had a serum creatinine level above 120 micromol/L before graft harvest. The independent factors revealed by multivariate analysis were the administration of epinephrine (odds ratio [OR]: 4.36, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.33 to 14.32; p = 0.015), oliguria (OR: 3.73, 95% CI: 1.22 to 11.36; p = 0.021), acidosis (OR: 3.26, 95% CI: 1.07 to 9.95; p = 0.038), the occurrence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (OR: 3.97, 95% CI: 1.05 to 15.02; p = 0.042), female gender (OR: 0.13, 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.50; p = 0.003), and the administration of desmopressin (OR: 0.12, 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.44; p = 0.002). The incidence of elevated serum creatinine level above 20% between admission and graft harvest was 41%. The independent risk factors were the duration of brain death greater than 24 hours (OR: 2.64, 95% CI: 1.25 to 5.59; p = 0.011) and the volume of mannitol (OR: 2.08, 95% CI: 1.03 to 4.21; p = 0.041). CONCLUSION This study shows that the resuscitation of brain-dead donors impacts on their renal function. The uses of epinephrine and mannitol are associated with impairment of kidney function. It seems that graft harvest should be performed less than 24 hours after brain death diagnosis.